Is your portfolio overly concentrated?

A well-balanced, diversified portfolio is a joy for all seasons, giving something no matter what various markets or asset classes are doing. An overly concentrated portfolio is the opposite, a ticking time bomb volatile to fluctuations in macroeconomics and other influencers of the share price.

It’s a worry many South African investors don’t know about, yet some of them are probably in danger of just that.

Here are three red-flags that you could be in danger of an overly concentrated portfolio.

When you’re not equal with your equities

Equities has been the favoured asset in South Africa for some time now, thanks to its higher growth next to a gruelling property slump and unforgiving bond conditions. But equities, just like every other asset class, has its bad days, or rather years. In fact, just a few months ago, Moneyweb came out with an article proclaiming that local cash has outperformed local equities for a solid five consecutive years now.

When local isn’t lekker

Then there’s the fact that you might be investing in equities in what you think is a spread-risk, diversified way, but all of it’s in South African companies.

Allan Gray has this to say about the matter:

“South Africa has a relatively small equities market with a handful of dominant shares, spread across a few sectors, which are available to invest in. This presents a significant risk for investors: a highly concentrated portfolio.

“When compared to global markets, the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) is relatively small, comprising less than 1% of the total global investing universe. It is also highly concentrated, with the top 10 shares on the FTSE/JSE All Share Index (ALSI) making up between 50% and 60% of the index. In contrast, the top 10 shares in one of the world’s major indices, the S&P 500, make up just over 20% of the index. Most of the ALSI’s concentration comes from one share: technology giant Naspers, which makes up 20% of the index.”

Now, if that’s not putting your eggs in one basket, we don’t know what is. And for those who think to themselves: ‘well Naspers is a great bet, so are the others, so what’s wrong with investing in fewer but better market champions?’

We have one word for you: Steinhoff.

No one, apart from a very few smart people in Sygnia and Melville Douglas, ever saw the writing on the wall. Steinhoff was too big to fail, it was getting such great gains, it was even called that exact word: ‘champion.’ And when it did fail, it took hundreds of thousands of peoples’ hard-earned money with it.

When you’re overweight

No, we’re not talking about your body mass index here. Being overweight in a certain company, like Naspers for example, or even in something that seems a ‘safe bet’ like cash as an asset class. Being overweight in any one thing can jeopardise your wealth creation. A simple example: many people comb over their investment portfolio diligently, checking unit trust gains against the market and diversifying extensively, but when it comes to the retirement annuity their company has invested them into, they never check the weighting at all.

So, how do you do it right?

“Because of that consideration, I normally have a minimum of 10 investments in the portfolio and limit portfolio at risk (PaR) — defined as position size multiplied by the downside to the worst-case intrinsic value estimate — on any one investment to 5 percent at cost and 10 percent at market,” says Gary Mishuris on the CFA Institute website.

It’s a simple, moderate way to do it, but something that’s out of reach for the average investor trying to work it out on their cellphone calculator. This is where a professional financial adviser can help you quickly and easily. No centration required.

Running on empty – is it time to fill up your tank?

Are you the type of person who

  • puts in a little petrol here, a little petrol there, or
  • enough to last you the week based on calculations you’ve done of what you need, or
  • are you someone who fills your tank up every time you visit the garage?

The petrol price has become a touchy topic, with all the gruelling petrol price hikes South Africans have endured, but actually your petrol tank philosophy can reveal a lot about the kind of life you lead.

Whilst filling up your tank of petrol has physical costs and constraints, filling up your life thank can cost considerably less than your monthly fuel-spend.

Which mindset are you?

There is a concept called the ‘poverty mindset’ which was pioneered some years back. People who are afraid of spending money to the point of being illogical, are often suffering from it – and don’t know it. This mindset causes us to operate from pay-cheque to pay-cheque and constantly feel like we don’t have enough money, time or energy.

It often means that we’re constantly chasing ‘the next big thing’ and not spending enough time enjoying who and what we have in life right now. We have the perception that because we’re so busy, our lives are full – but in reality, our lives are constantly running on empty.

The first step in filling up your life tank is to have a desire to change your mindset.

A plan to change

A desire to change is a powerful step in a joy-filled future, but without a plan to see that change come into fruition, the desire will wane and you will continue to run around on empty. To overcome the inertia of this mindset, you need to create a plan. A plan to think about yourself differently, to be actively mindful and change behaviours (and spending patterns) in your life that are causing you to miss out on the joy of the present.

A partner to change

Of all the activities in life, change needs the most fuel and can be the most difficult. Think about it – how stiff are your muscles after doing a workout you’re used to? And if you do a completely different exercise, even if it’s less lengthy or strenuous? How tired and stiff are you afterward?

This is where coaches prove their value – when you feel like quitting, they motivate you to continue through the change process. When you reach a plateau, they help you identify, plan for and achieve the next level. With your financial journey (and it’s intrinsically linked to your life…), having a financial adviser that you trust is the best partner to change.

Life is too short to run on empty.

Three reasons why you need an emergency fund

There are always bills to pay and money needed for something or another, and few things seem as boring and unnecessary than an emergency fund. While you can enjoy the rewards of spending on, say, a good winter coat, or can see the benefits of saving for something like university for the kids, emergency funds are, by nature, never seen.

Which is why most South Africans don’t have them – and open themselves and their loved ones up to serious hardship and, ultimately, spending a lot more money.

Here’s why you need an emergency fund:

To keep your life goals on track

Most people operate in a space of barely having ‘enough’ or not quite ever having ‘enough’. Granted, we can have a discussion around what ‘enough’ really looks like, but for most of us, the former sentence is the reality.

This means that we can’t afford a major tragedy – even more so if we’re not insured for it – and still keep financing life as if nothing has happened.

An emergency fund can help you avoid having an unforeseen emergency (or multiple emergencies) derail your life. Many of these unforeseen circumstances involve medical or health issues, which are expensive. An emergency fund of three-to-six months of income works well in conjunction with risk cover.

To reduce the impact on your dependents

If you provide an income or lifestyle for others in your family, having an emergency that cripples your finances will impact them too.

This could impact living standards, educational opportunities and their access to care should they need it. Knowing this creates increased stress and extends the time of recovery from an accident or traumatic event. If you’re able to reduce financial stress you can have more energy available for the other healing and recovery that is needed, for you and those who depend on you.

To keep yourself away from truly bad debt

People panic when they have unforeseen urgent circumstances and no safety net cash for them. If they can’t rely on their kids or the problem is bigger than that, debt becomes the only way out of the immediate problem.

Under this pressure, we can get into all kinds of jams. Loan sharks, paying off nothing but interest for decades and surety clauses which mean things like having to give up your house are all real things that happen to real people. Don’t be one of those people.

Misfortunes in life happen, they’re a guarantee – just like the good things in life are. We plan and set aside money for positives like getting married, advancing careers or having children, but we don’t realise that by failing to plan for the unfortunate surprises too, we put those very good things at risk.

If you need help with this, then let’s get in touch – because you never know when your emergency will be.

Tips for a less taxing tax season

‘Tax season’ elicits in most people the kind of shudder you’d imagine ‘open season’ to elicit in hunted animals. We all hate doing our taxes and, because of this, we often postpone the inevitable, sometimes with horrible consequences like penalties and waiting hours at SARS.

Here are a few tips to make submitting tax returns a little less painful, not to mention less confusing.

Basics first
The first thing to deal with is how to best go about it. Our advice: book several hours for sorting out your taxes and put it in your diary along with business meetings and other non-negotiables. Just get it done. There’s a lot to be said for using a professional consultant to complete your tax return for you – they will sort everything out, giving you peace of mind, and work with a savvy eye on new regulations you may not know about and exactly how to get you the lightest tax bill possible.

Be systematic
If you do decide to file your tax return yourself, it helps to be organised. This is one time you really don’t want to overlook the details. Do one type of tax at a time (if doing more than personal income) and go logically through everything from mileage receipts to various tax exemptions, one by one. It will offset any feeling of a never-ending task – a sure way to quit early.

And, pay the price when the taxman comes around. Remember to account for medical aid schemes – you as the main member can get R310 back from SARS, plus another R310 for a dependent and R209 each for any other dependents after that. Every bit helps…

Don’t forget the expat factor
Again, if you’re doing your returns yourself, it pays to keep abreast of recent changes. A few months ago, the Reserve Bank changed the laws around taxes to be paid if you are out of the country a certain amount of time in the year. If you are working more than 183 days in a 12-month period, including a continuous period of more than 60 days, you won’t currently be taxed for it in SA – but that changes soon. For those who’ve been overseas extensively, it may be worth checking in with a professional whether or not you’ll be back-taxed for that, and how the new law could benefit you.

Self-employment schemes
If you are a contractor, freelancer or any other type of self-employed individual (bar the owner or founder of a business that is not a sole proprietor), then you technically have a non-salary income and can claim expenses on that. This includes things like the bill for a cellphone used for work, office supplies or stationary and even the rent and overheads of an office if you’re renting one. Just remember to be thorough – if you’ve invoiced more than one different company or person in the tax year, you have to declare each and every client.

Commission enquiry
If you’re a real estate agent, sales rep or anyone else that gets commission in addition to a salary, you can claim on any commission-related expenses, like airtime used for work and petrol. Many people know this, but did you know that you can also claim travel-related expenses that aren’t only limited to fuel? Even things like flights for work are deductible, which can be a real boon for jobs that are usually very heavy on travel.

Finally, reward yourself
There is no end to what people can do when they’re motivated – and it’s a powerful tool you can use come tax season. Reward is a great incentiviser, so motivate yourself by deciding what a tax rebate will go towards, should you get one. Then keep your eye on the prize.

It’s all the little things that make it less taxing, so go easy on yourself and take it one little thing at a time, and start early.

Soil is not enough – what does it mean to be truly rich?

Coco Chanel, a woman who overcame her fair share of financial difficulties to become one of the most successful women of all time, said: ‘there are people who have money and people who are rich.’

‘Richness’ is defined by Google as “the state of existing in or containing plentiful quantities of something desirable”. Dictionary.com calls it “having an abundance of something that is valuable and interesting.”

Most of us can agree that money is valuable only in that it can acquire for us the things we truly want. But interestingly… how many of us pursue wealth creation that specifically leads us into what will stimulate and grow us?

The very wise Benjamin Franklin said “money has never made man happy, nor will it, there is nothing in its nature to produce happiness.” It’s true – if you long for a sweet, nourishing, fulfilling life, your answer is not cash. Money is kind of like the soil to plant the tree in that will eventually bear that sweet, satisfying fruit for you to enjoy.

So, what do some of us do? We load a whole bunch of soil into our lives, if we can, and then wait next to our pile of soil, waiting to be happy.

The question really is; what are we planting?

Of course, to plant a ‘tree’ of richness in the wealth you’re creating, you have to first decide what true richness looks like for you; what choices do you want to grow in your soil? The immediate images that come into your mind may be a certain holiday or a certain item like a home or car. The more you think about it, and have helpful conversations with those you trust, this may change. It’s not about having the money, but what we do with that money.

The honest truth is we often focus on gaining money because it’s thought to be ‘the easy road’. How many times have you heard people say, ‘If I just had enough money, my problems would go away.’? It’s easy to just go after money and stuff imbued with externally recognised ‘status’ that will tell everyone else that you’re winning at life.

Retail therapy is a real thing – an alarming amount of us use money to buy things, which will make us feel better. There are times when a binge is helpful for the soul, but we cannot live a life of constant binging. We need to know that we’re doing something – not just in the future, but now – that is of value. That’s when we start to feel rich.

Allocate time to ponder what true richness looks like for you. What would you do if money wasn’t an issue?

5 ways to keep you and your money warm this winter

It’s a cold world out there this June. As the thermometer temperature drops, the price of fuel and cost of living keep rising… but it’s not all doom and gloom.

Here are five ways to manage your finances a little more wisely and warmly:

Drop the bouquet

The average South African home is way too glued to the TV for their physical health – and financial health too. If you love your screen time, drop your exorbitant DSTV bouquet and look at Netflix or Showmax (or another provider) and honestly stack up the costs side by side. You’ll never go back to DSTV again. If you like to watch live sport, consider watching these matches at friends houses, or at your local pub.

Phone it in

Remember your old flip phone from years ago – the one that you (and everyone else) thought was impossibly cool? Well, that’s how all phones are going to look someday. As part of your winter finance warming, review your cellphone contract – but don’t upgrade. If there’s nothing badly wrong with your phone and it works okay, do not get a new one, no matter how shiny and awesome that new one is. One of the most powerful first steps of red-hot finances is to stop changing your phone every 18 months.

Get car smart

The ever-increasing fuel price is one of South Africans’ biggest bugbears – and expenses. Get smiles for miles when you become more creative with your commute or other transport needs, by setting up a carpool with, for example, work colleagues or parents in your area with children at the same school as yours.

Another thing to do is check with your bank at which fuel stations you can get banking points, such as eBucks or Discovery, when filling up. Then only go to those stations if you can help it, to get a marginal amount back a month. Hey, every bit helps…

Insure you get the best

One of the first things that go out of the window when budgets get tight is the so-called ‘grudge purchases’ – chief among those, insurance. But in this case, it really is penny wise and pound foolish to drop your short term insurance when the purse-strings are pulling tighter. Plenty of families have gone from wealthy, or even comfortable, to dire straits because they cancelled their insurance and then misfortune struck.

Most South Africans appreciate the value of car insurance, considering our road death statistics and the colourful manoeuvres taxi drivers pull on a daily basis, but don’t value other forms of short-term insurance.

Are you covered for household burglaries, technical problems with your phone, a handbag getting stolen, losing your motorbike keys? All these things are vital, so in reality, you cannot afford not to be insured.

However, that doesn’t mean all insurers are created equal, or the same price. Ascertain what your insurance needs are and which option best covers them and dig into the best deals you can get on insurance.

Just because you can’t afford not to have it doesn’t mean paying more than you should.

Whatever you do, don’t stop

If insurance is a grudge purchase, this next one isn’t a purchase at all – and often gets pushed to the back of the priority line until it’s much, much too late. Do not, we repeat, do not try to help out your budget by not saving for retirement. The thing with retirement is this: there will never be a better time. That’s because of compound interest – you’ll never get a better return on money invested at a later date, even far larger sums of money, than a small amount invested now. So, don’t skimp on modest sums for retirement now, and you won’t have to skimp on everything for up to twenty-five or more years of your life. Seriously.

To keep it simple, here’s a motto you can use: don’t stop saving unless you’re retired and, if you are already retired, don’t stop saving.

Keep these things in mind and you’ll have a financially toasty winter season. Enjoy!

Taking an interest in interest rate risk

Education around the basics of wealth creation and preservation is like a good, solid diet packed with healthy food staples, it can help you enjoy healthy finances for years and create a strong foundation for building your future.

Bonds are a healthy part of any portfolio or ‘diet’, and most people think they understand them. Today, we want to talk about an aspect of investing in bonds most people misunderstand or simply don’t know about – interest rate risk.

In today’s highly uncertain market, bonds remain an attractive option. Not subject to having the sudden market-related dips (or spokes) that equities do, it’s a lower risk option for preserving or growing your money in most environments.

Sounds great, right? Potentially.

Most bonds pay a fixed rate of interest over a defined period of time.

What many investors don’t understand about bonds is that the rate is set according to prevailing market interest rates at the time of issuing the bond, but the market interest rates that occur afterwards during the period of the bond may not be even remotely similar to the ‘weather conditions’ when you first took out the bond.

What this means for your money is that, should interest rates rise, your bond’s value will lessen. Should interest rates fall, the reverse will happen – your bond is now worth more. Because this is directly related to inflation (interest rates rising are usually due to CPI itself rising above what’s been predicted for it), a good way to understand this is inflation. If inflation increases, even though you have the same notes and coins in your wallet, that money is effectively worth less. If inflation decreases, slowly your money will be worth more in relation to the rest of the market (price of eggs etc.). It is not the notes or rands themselves that have changed if the inflation rises, it’s the market.

This is interest rate risk, and it’s a vital element which affects how much return you’ll get once a bond matures.

It is seldom that we truly know what is going to happen to the market in the next two to three years with absolute certainty, but in the case of interest rate risk, it seems that we do. South Africa will be hiking rates for the foreseeable future, as announced at the end of last year when the Reserve Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) said it would raise the repurchase rate quite significantly to 6.75% per year as of November 2018.

What does this mean for our bonds? Well, if you look at the above in SA in isolation, it means that a bond’s value will lessen if interest rates rise (which they have) and will continue to do so if interest rates continue to climb (which it looks like they will).

A word of warning – any investment in any form should be underpinned by knowledge. Choosing to put money into a bond of any kind is no exception. Taking interest rate risk by investing in a certain bond without knowing every aspect inside and out is like getting onto a horse and expecting to ride it when you don’t know how a horse moves.

However, if you only ever invest in things you already understand, where will that leave you? Your money may grow, but your own horizons and understanding won’t.

Consider this a call to adventure – not to invest in bonds necessarily, but rather for us to chat about things you don’t fully understand, perhaps interest rate risk being one thing, and start an exciting new chapter in your financial awareness and confidence!

A shout out to dads

It’s Father’s Day time, and we would like to honour the men, and the women too, who have been parents to us. Our dads.

… And by ‘Dad’ we don’t necessarily mean our fathers. Ever seen the Omo Father’s Day advert that went viral on YouTube? It showed a little boy reading a Father’s Day card, with all the important things dads do listed in it like providing financially and teaching right from wrong, to his grandmother. She was his ‘Dad’.

There is a curious alchemy that brings someone into the role of ‘dad’ that is not necessarily linked to genes. Yours might be someone who isn’t your birth father, either. And they deserve a shout out too.

So, here, four things we’re thankful for from dad this Father’s Day, and the important financial lessons that go along with them.

1. Support is paramount

The biggest thing we love about our Dads is simply that they’re there. When last did you have a massive life event and your dad wasn’t interested, didn’t stand by your side? A great father or a dad will always support you and believe the best in you, even when things go south. Just like dads, your finances are supposed to be there for you when great things, good and bad, happen for you. It’s the value of having power over your finances, to provide yourself that safety net.

2. A dad who stands for good values teaches us to stand up for ourselves

A great dad will tell you that sometimes in life a man – or woman – needs to stand for something. If you’re lucky, the father you grew up with or the man you call dad has stood for integrity, hard work, honesty and dependability. He stands firm.

Likewise, with your finances it’s always a good thing for you to tell financial professionals what you believe in, and stand by that. Want Shariah financing options? Don’t want to invest in stocks of companies you believe are unethical, like perhaps Steinhoff? Tell your advisor, and stand firm when trends or others are singing a different tune.

3. There’s nothing panic does better than calm

A dad is by definition the still point of calm in a world of chaos – telling us to just relax. He’s got the life experience, he’s been around the block and he knows enough to tell you that the fact that that bond hasn’t come to maturity yet or that you can’t by your dream home for a first house is not the end of the world. He’s strong and constant, and there’s a valuable lesson in that financially: don’t panic. Don’t be swayed by every geopolitical uncertainty or every move of the market, rather stick by your financial decisions if they’re in line with your personal financial plan.

4. Honest advice is the gift of a true Dad

It’s not always easy being a dad – most of us have at one time had some hard truths to face because Dad was brave enough to tell it to you straight when you weren’t doing what was best for you. A great dad is like a lighthouse in a storm – when you can’t see clearly and don’t know up from down, he does. A good financial advisor is the ‘dad’ of your financial future, an immovable light of wisdom in hard times, so get the best one you can.

Happy Father’s Day to all the fathers and the dads out there!

The retirement you know will be gone by the time you retire

One of the most important reasons to save throughout our working life remains retirement. It’s shocking how few people afford themselves the ability to live with dignity and independence, without sacrificing a huge drop in standard of living.

And yet… the world we are living in is one of constant disruption. One of the things being disrupted as we speak is the concept of retirement. And so, in a few years’ time, what we’ve understood as ‘retirement’ will no longer exist.

Here are four things that will affect your retirement by the time you get there:

Longevity – When Time magazine came out with a cover stating that ‘this baby could live to 120 years old’, the world cheered. But few people stopped to think what this could mean for their retirement. What if the average lifespan were up to 120 years old once you retired?

The age-old standard figure of ‘65 years old’ for retirement was invented in a time when the average person lived to 80, the goal was to plan for 15 years.

But 120 means that 65 is just over only half of your life, and savings calculated today for retiring at 65 will not be able to keep you comfortably alive and financially independent for a whopping 55 more years.

Our ideas of what retirement might look like, what age is considered ‘retirement age’ or even ‘old’, needs to change.

Medical advancements

This goes hand in hand with longevity. Longer lifespan without a healthier life is bad news: that could mean years of assisted living or frail care, and all the huge costs that go with it. But medicine is advancing to the point where what was once considered cutting edge is going mainstream, and we could well expect to see a cure for Parkinson’s or the smaller physical breakdowns of ageing in our (longer) lifetimes. This changes not only how much money you need to retire, but what physical state you’ll be in once you do. And, due to that, you may be able to retire even later, increasing your opportunities to plan for when you do.

Rising cost of living

If inflation is anything to go by, the prices of things are just going up. And by that we don’t only mean the price of eggs. Investments that were standard a generation ago, like buying at least one house in your lifetime, are now becoming less widespread as costs get more and more prohibitive. Even getting married is getting too expensive. And retirement, one of the largest financial undertakings in any one person’s life, costing at least hundreds of thousands of rands to do well, is definitely up there. This means that our urgency to have better conversations around our retirement is even greater.

The actual concept of retirement itself

People within the retirement industry already know this. CEOs at world leaders in financial planning are speaking about ‘cyclical retirement’ and ‘the rise of the silver surfers’. This means a far less linear approach to retirement in the future.

Up until now, we have viewed the stages of our life in a kind of linear circuit system: you attend school, then tertiary education, then you work and get married, have children, then you retire and make way for the new generation. However, longer lifespans and the need to work more means repetitive cycles or seasons instead of the traditional linear journey.

So you may work for a decade, not work for a few years, work again, then completely shift gears into a different career – but still work – well after you hit age 65.

You might be retiring a lot later, and in a very different way, to what conventional wisdom would have you believe today. Plan for that now, let’s have that conversation, and you’ll be growing grey gracefully every day.

Delicious savings – how to eat for a week on four meals

With tough economic times all around, a lot of us are trying to cut unnecessary expenses. Be that as it may, we still need to eat and feed our families. Yet who has the time to play chef and work a fulltime job? And who wants to eat mediocre meals just because the economy is in a slump?

Enter the power of three – how to ensure meals for a week with minimum effort. It’s all about selecting three dishes that are low maintenance to cook, able to be made in large quantities and also be to be frozen and reheated… yet are still big on taste. One great meaty supper that transforms into two days’ school sandwiches as well, one that can be reinvented into finger food tapas on the third day and one versatile enough to be reinvented into a whole other dish come day five.

And all with room enough for leftovers.

Sound cost-effective? We’ve collected four inexpensive meal ideas that meet all these standards, leaving your tummy satisfied and your wallet untraumatized upon your next grocery jaunt.

Meal 1: Roast chicken, veggies and rice

A classic family meal, the decent-sized roast chicken easily feeds four people. Make extra and use leftover white meat for chicken mayonnaise sandwiches for school and chicken salad for the adults. Use the leftover rice and bits with skin to make a fantastic, Asian-inspired twice-fried rice and sweet, sticky chicken with the help of simple fridge staples like chutney or balsamic vinegar and soy sauce. Rice, if sealed, is superb the next day – just like pasta or slap chips, so go wild. Save the carcass and you can even make soup from it, if you’re so inclined.

Meal 2: Brisket and boiled potatoes

If you want something a little more special during the week, look no further than the all-star cheap meat cut classic, the brisket. Have straight-up brisket with boiled potatoes on day one, reinvent the leftover on day two with a sticky glaze and turn leftover potatoes into creamy mash and then take any last bits and turn them into a stew. Delicious!

Meal 3: Pulled pork and veggies

Pork is still cheaper than other meats like steak or salmon, and a good pulled pork recipe will mean minimal handiwork – you just leave it in the oven for a few hours. With vegetables, it’s a decently healthy meal with one serious upside – pulled pork has got to be one of the most versatile meats on the planet. It can be reinvented into tacos, salads, sandwiches and even scrambled eggs. Unlike other practical bulk meals, it’s polished enough to serve to guests as well.

Meal 4: Lamb stew

Who doesn’t love a great lamb stew? Because it’s stew, you can buy a fairly cheap cut of lamb in generous quantities at a decent price and can make tons of stew easily. The ‘easy’ part is the best part, because lamb stew in a slow cooker means very little work. You fry up the meat and chop veggies and simply leave it for eight hours while you go to work. Freeze half for an instant dish that is hearty, healthy and super quick to reheat.

Well, what are you waiting for? Get cooking!